Half of all births occur within one week of the EDD
~70%
Within 10 days
Most births occur within 10 days of EDD
~85%
Within 14 days
Vast majority within 2 weeks
4–5%
Exact date
Only 1 in 20 babies born on EDD
~5%
2+ weeks early
Spontaneous preterm at 37–38 wks
~5%
2+ weeks late
Post-term (42+ weeks)
The Science Behind Due Date Variability
A key study published in Human Reproduction (Jukic et al., 2013) followed 125 women with precisely known conception dates. The researchers found that gestation length ranged from 247 to 284 days — a 37-day spread — even among healthy, normal pregnancies. The standard deviation was 9.6 days, meaning two-thirds of births fall within about 10 days of the mean.
Naegele’s Rule, developed in 1812, is based on the mean of 280 days. While accurate as a population average, it cannot predict individual variation. This is why only about 5% of births occur on the exact EDD.
Factors That Affect Due Date Accuracy
Irregular menstrual cycles
Can shift EDD by days to weeks; cycle length adjustment improves accuracy
Uncertain LMP date
Common cause of dating errors; first-trimester ultrasound corrects this
Late first ultrasound (>14 weeks)
Second-trimester biometry is less precise than first-trimester CRL
Multiple pregnancies (twins)
Twin pregnancies typically deliver 3–4 weeks before singleton EDD
First pregnancy (primigravida)
Slight tendency to deliver after EDD vs subsequent pregnancies
Individual biological variation
Genetic and physiological factors affect gestation length independently of any formula
How to Get the Most Accurate Due Date
Start with LMP — use a confirmed, accurate LMP date
Adjust for cycle length — especially if not a 28-day cycle
Get an 8–14 week ultrasound — CRL measurement is accurate to ±5 days
For IVF — use the transfer date formula for the most precise EDD
Don't change after 14 weeks — later ultrasounds are less precise for dating
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions answered by our medical team
Human gestation length naturally varies by weeks between individuals. Additionally, LMP-based dates assume ovulation at day 14, which varies. Even with ultrasound dating, biological variation in fetal growth means birth timing has a wide normal range.