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WEEKS 1–13

First Trimester Pregnancy Guide

The first trimester spans weeks 1–13 and is a period of remarkable transformation. From a single cell to a fully formed fetus with all major organs, this is when the most critical development occurs.

Ashok Kumar Poudel
Written by
Ashok Kumar Poudel
Health & Wellness Writer
Dr. Bina Basnet
Medically reviewed by
MBBS, MD — Gynecologist & Obstetrician
Last reviewed:
Feb 2026
📅
Duration
Weeks 1–13
📏
Baby grows from
0.1 mm to 7.4 cm
⚠️
Miscarriage risk
Highest (10–15%)
❤️
Key milestone
Heartbeat at ~6 weeks

What Happens in the First Trimester?

The first trimester is arguably the most dramatic period in pregnancy. During these 13 weeks, a fertilized egg becomes a fully formed fetus complete with a beating heart, developing brain, limbs, and all major organ systems. By the end of week 13, your baby — now officially called a fetus — is about 7–8 cm long and weighs about 23 grams.

For the mother, the first trimester brings some of the most intense pregnancy symptoms. Rising hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) levels — the “pregnancy hormone” — cause nausea, fatigue, and breast changes. Progesterone levels also surge, supporting the pregnancy and causing many of the early symptoms you feel.

Week by Week: First Trimester

🌱
Week 4
Size: Poppy seed
Implantation occurring
🌿
Week 5
Size: Apple seed
Heart begins beating
🫛
Week 6
Size: Pea
Embryo has arm/leg buds
🫐
Week 7
Size: Blueberry
Brain developing rapidly
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Week 8
Size: Raspberry
All major organs forming
🍒
Week 9
Size: Cherry
Fingers and toes visible
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Week 10
Size: Strawberry
Now called a fetus
🍋
Week 11
Size: Lime
Reproductive organs forming
🍑
Week 12
Size: Plum
All organs present
🍑
Week 13
Size: Peach
Vocal cords forming

Essential First Trimester Tips

💊
Start Prenatal Vitamins

400–800mcg folic acid daily reduces neural tube defect risk by 70%. Start before conception if possible.

🏥
Book Your OB/Midwife

Schedule your first prenatal appointment at 8–10 weeks. Earlier if you have risk factors.

🤢
Manage Morning Sickness

Eat small, frequent meals; try ginger tea; take B6 (100mg/day). Avoid strong smells. Rest when possible.

🚫
Avoid Teratogens

No alcohol, no smoking, limit caffeine to <200mg/day, avoid raw meat and unpasteurized foods.

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions answered by our medical team

The most common first trimester symptoms are morning sickness (nausea and vomiting), extreme fatigue, breast tenderness and swelling, frequent urination, food aversions and cravings, heightened sense of smell, and mood changes. These are caused by rapidly rising hCG and progesterone levels.
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